Protect High Seas
An interactive tool to support marine protected areas (MPAs), building on Pew’s high seas MPA report
View MPA ReportEditor’s note: This data visualization tool was updated on Oct. 16, 2023, to better reflect the tool’s capabilities in light of the United Nations’ adoption of the high seas treaty in June.
Enormous and Abundant
Located more than 200 miles from shore and beyond the jurisdiction of any country, the high seas are among the largest reservoirs of ocean biodiversity. They make up two-thirds of the global ocean and cover nearly half of the planet. These waters support bountiful fisheries; serve as migratory routes for animals, such as whales and sharks; and harbor remarkable ecosystems, such as deep-water corals and other majestic marine life.
Twilight Zone 200m | 650ft
The Impact Our air, water, and climate depend on the health of the high seas.
These international waters hold an astonishing variety of phytoplankton—microscopic organisms that produce almost half of the world’s oxygen supply. The high seas are teeming with life and represent 95% of the habitable space, by volume, on our planet. They help regulate global air temperatures and slow the impact of climate change by absorbing and storing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The high seas also connect and support many vital ecosystems and are essential to the health of our coasts and our planet.
MIDNIGHT zone 1000m | 3300ft
Only 1% of the high seas area of our global ocean is protected. The Problem These areas are unprotected and face real threats.
Ninety percent of world shipping trade moves across the high seas, which are also an increasingly busy fishing space. Marine mammals and other species are imperiled by ship strikes, noise, and pollution from ballast water discharges and fuel leaks. These direct threats to the high seas environment are magnified by ocean acidification and climate change.
Until the new high seas treaty enters into force, there is no comprehensive legal mechanism in place to protect these waters and the marine life that makes its home there. A fragmented puzzle of organizations manages different human activities on the high seas with varying degrees of effectiveness. The lack of coordination between these efforts leads to the degradation of the marine environment and its resources.
We have tools to help.
Fortunately, scientists have figured out reliable ways in which we can protect life on the high seas. By establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) that limit pollution, harmful fishing practices, and other destructive activities, we can safeguard biodiversity, protect top predators in order to maintain ecosystem balance, and build species resilience to climate change. Networks of connected MPAs can also help protect migratory species, such as whales, sharks, and seabirds. Forecasts of where species may move as climate change alters the ocean provide insight into how to "climate proof" MPAs by protecting biodiversity now and in the future. And because the global ocean is one interconnected ecosystem, protecting high seas areas can also benefit coastal ecosystems, including species such as leatherback turtles, which return to coastal shores to nest.
Leatherback turtles spend most of the year on the high seas but travel to coastal areas to lay their eggs. Protecting nesting areas on coastal beaches is vital, but it is equally critical that these creatures be protected from harmful fishing practices in their high seas habitat.
How would you protect the high seas?
Read about our data and methodology
THE ABYSS 4000m | 13000ft
THE OPPORTUNITY Now is the time to provide global protections.
The high seas belong to no one, yet they sustain us all; therefore, protecting them is our collective responsibility. In June 2023, the United Nations adopted a high seas treaty—a once-in-a-generation chance to improve the way we manage these precious resources.
The treaty presents an opportunity to establish protections for marine biodiversity on the high seas, which will be key to building an international ocean governance system that effectively manages and preserves shared ocean resources. Successfully implementing the agreement will result in healthier waters, thriving biodiversity, and more equitable outcomes for the global community.
The new international agreement provides:
- A global mechanism to identify and establish high seas MPAs.
- A framework for adopting management measures that will meaningfully support conservation objectives.
- A robust environmental impact assessment process to safeguard all high seas areas from the most damaging activities.
- A means of consulting and collaborating with sectoral organizations and other stakeholders.
- The tools and capacity to support effective implementation.
the trenches 6000m | 20000ft
STAY ENGAGED For more updates on Pew’s efforts to enable the rapid and effective implementation of the treaty once it enters into force, subscribe to the following newsletters:
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Subscribe NowScientists and decision-makers have the information and tools to identify areas of biological importance in international waters. The new treaty serves as an opportunity for the global community to come together and consider the cumulative impact of human activities on the ocean and how to best address these concerns holistically.
See your conservation plan in action!
What did your plan protect? Explore the visual representation of your selected conservation priorities, find out what percentage of selected animals and other important features your plan protects, and learn more about a special area that would be protected under your plan.
High Seas Protection Priorities
Emperor Seamount Chain
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