Andrew Dyck and his co-author, Rashid Sumaila, of the University of British Columbia, estimated the total global economic activity supported by marine fisheries (i.e., non-aquaculture, ocean fisheries). They found that by considering the economic impacts of fisheries on other sectors such as boat manufacturing or canning industries, the total global value is approximately $240 billion annually, as calculated from 2003 data—nearly three times the landed value. The authors concluded that considering only the direct value of fisheries underestimates the true economic impact of marine fisheries worldwide. This Pew Ocean Science Series report is a summary of the scientists' findings.