This document presents a summary of “Working Smarter, Not Just Harder: Using Outcome Data to Improve Performance,” a seminar sponsored by The Pew Fund for Health and Human Services. Held on November 17, 2006, the seminar was part of The Pew Charitable Trusts' information series called Programs Adjusting to a Changing Environment (PACE), created to improve nonprofits' ability to succeed by providing them with critical information, strategies and tools.