Tongass National Forest Loses Vital Protections

Federal plan puts millions of acres, Alaska tribal communities, and U.S. taxpayers at risk

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Tongass National Forest Loses Vital Protections
Joel Jackson
Joel Jackson, president of the Organized Village of Kake tribal council, has long championed protections for the Tongass National Forest.
Colin Arisman

This issue brief is part of a series outlining public lands in Alaska that are in danger of losing protection.

Overview

Since 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service have advanced five efforts that would dramatically alter protections for some 60 million acres of federally managed land in Alaska. If fully enacted, the policies and decisions outlined in those proposed and finalized plans would open vast stretches of the Bering Sea-Western Interior, Tongass National Forest, Central Yukon, National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, and unencumbered BLM land to extractive development and have significant impacts on Alaska’s lands, rivers, wildlife, and the Indigenous peoples who call these landscapes home.1

Ancient forests at risk

The U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture have finalized plans to strip vital protections from the Tongass National Forest in Alaska. The new rule went into effect on Oct. 29, 2020, and exempts 9.2 million acres that the agencies manage from the 2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule, which prohibits road-building on designated publicly managed lands throughout the country and safeguards federal forest land from logging and related industrial activity.2 The new policy allows construction of new roads to facilitate more commercial logging and mining in the most pristine areas of the nation’s largest national forest.

Moreover, the rule does not reflect the priorities of Alaska residents who support forest protection by a 6 percentage-point margin. Further, nearly a quarter of a million people from throughout the country submitted comments objecting to the plan before it was finalized. And among Alaskans who hunt and fish, 61 percent support maintaining roadless rule protections in the Tongass.3

A wasteful use of taxpayer dollars

Economically, opening the Tongass to industrial development has proved a losing proposition. A study by the nonpartisan Taxpayers for Common Sense found that since 1980, the Forest Service has lost more than $1.7 billion on Tongass timber sales, which generated total revenue of $227 million but cost American taxpayers $1.96 billion for subsidies and other expenditures.4

Further, the Forest Service’s plan fails to account for the effects on the Tongass of eliminating the roadless rule. In August 2020, a study by the Congressional Research Service determined that the Forest Service did not analyze the effects that the forest management plan, increased timber harvesting, and road construction would have on resources, such as fish populations, habitat, and water quality.5

Tongass tribes’ ancestral homeland threatened

Southeast Alaska tribes have fought for decades to maintain protections for the Tongass’ old-growth forest to safeguard Indigenous peoples’ culture and food security. The Bush administration and the state of Alaska both tried to undo the roadless rule, and the battle went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which declined to hear the case, leaving the protections in place.6

Because Indigenous communities’ well-being is inextricably linked to the ecological health of the forest, nine Southeast tribes recently petitioned the Forest Service to identify and protect Indigenous lands in the Tongass.7 However, the final plan did not address this request, and the tribes will continue working to conserve the ancient forest.

Clear-cut logging
Clear-cut logging in the Tongass National Forest damages ecosystems and costs taxpayers millions of dollars.
Alan Wu

“We are tied to our lands that our ancestors walked on thousands of years ago. We walk these same lands. It still provides food security—deer, moose, salmon, berries, our medicines. The old-growth timber plays an important part in keeping all these things coming back year after year; it’s our supermarket year around. And it’s a spiritual place where we go to ground ourselves from time to time. Protect the Tongass.”

Joel Jackson, president of the Organized Village of Kake tribal council
Full Exemption From Federal Roadless Rule Threatens 9 Million Acres of Tongass National Forest

Endnotes

  1. Bureau of Land Management, “Bering Sea-Western Interior RMP/EIS,” U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in-development/alaska/BSWI; Bureau of Land Management, “Central Yukon RMP/EIS,” U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in-development/alaska/central-yukon-rmp; U.S. Forest Service, “Alaska Roadless Rulemaking,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, https://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=54511; Bureau of Land Management, “National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska IAP/EIS,” U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.blm.gov/planning-and-nepa/plans-in-development/alaska/npr-a-iap-eis; Bureau of Land Management, “Revoking D-1 Withdrawals,” U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.blm.gov/programs/lands-and-realty/regional-information/alaska/d-1_withdrawals/revocation.
  2. K. Rait, “U.S. Ends Roadless Protections in Country’s Largest National Forest,” The Pew Charitable Trusts, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2020/10/29/us-ends-roadless-protections-in-countrys-largest-national-forest; U.S. Forest Service, “2001 Roadless Rule,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, accessed Nov. 2, 2020, https://www.fs.usda.gov/roadmain/roadless/2001roadlessrule; U.S. Forest Service, “Alaska Roadless Rule Story Map,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, https://usfs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=c765c4e1058f478baf627d7527c331df.
  3. Citizens for the Republic, “Poll Suggests Alaskans Want Protection for Tongass,” Alaska Sporting Journal, no. February 2020 (2020), http://aksportingjournal.com/poll-suggests-alaskans-want-protection-for-tongass/.
  4. Taxpayers for Common Sense, “Cutting Our Losses After 40 Years of Money-Losing Timber Sales in the Tongass” (2020), https://www.taxpayer.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TCS-Cutting-Our-Losses-40-yrs.-of-Tongass-Timber-Sales_Sept.-2020.pdf.
  5. A. Riddle and A. Vann, “Forest Service Inventoried Roadless Areas,” R46504 (2020), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46504.
  6. Alaska Petitioner v. Organized Village of Kake Alaska et al., 11-35517, (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, July 29, 2015), https://www.supremecourt.gov/Search.aspx?FileName=/docketfiles/15-467.htm.
  7. Newsbreak.com, “Alaska Tribes Petition to Preserve Tongass National Forest Roadless Protections,” July 31, 2020, https://www.newsbreak.com/news/1609543479932/alaska-tribes-petition-to-preserve-tongass-national-forest-roadless-protections.